In this timely ethnographic study, nine Mexican and U.S. anthropologists examine the achievements and challenges facing women participating in the Zapatista movement. In this collection, they bring together the knowledge of activists and anthropologists with long-term field experience in Mayan communities who explore the construction of and the significance of new collective identities among indigenous women. Through archival research and ethnographic data, the authors shed light on the emergence of gender-specific demands and the appropriation of discourses of human rights and women’s rights discourses by indigenous women.